Exocet Vs Harpoon - The Exocet is a family of French subsonic (mach 0.9) autonomous (fire and forget) anti-ship missiles, flying at low altitude (a few meters above the surface of the sea) and launched by surface ships, submarines, aircraft or shore batteries. .
This rocket is powered, in its first versions, by a rocket engine. The new generation (Block 3), developed at the end of the 2000s, is equipped with a Microturbo TRI 40 turbojet engine, which gives it a better range. It is accompanied by an inertial unit for the first part of its flight, to remain more discreet, and by an active radar seeker with a range of 24.
Exocet Vs Harpoon
During its low-altitude approach phase, it is very difficult to detect by surface ships because it remains below the detection envelope of the target ship's defense radars. In addition, its radar is activated only in the final phase, which therefore makes it difficult to set up and activate countermeasures for it. In the very last phase of the flight, it performs evasive maneuvers to avoid enemy terminal defenses, and has electronic countermeasures to counter decoys. It penetrates the ship above the waterline to explode inside the building, with a slight delay between impact and detonation.
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. Its explosive and incendiary charge normally puts a building of the size of egate outside action.
For the Exocet MM40 Block2) whose complex integration requires two to three weeks, to which must be added fifteen tests on control benches. The factory of Selles-Saint-Denis receives the rocket in spare parts, most of the mechanical elements, such as the rear or the engine box, come from the MBDA site in Bourges. According to a 2019 estimate, updating the registration, evaluation and authorization of chemicals will cost the French Navy around 200 million euros.
Approximately) requires the use of a secondary platform, surface or air, and provides the role of relay radar to indicate the target.
Exocet missiles equip many French buildings and aircraft. They have also been adopted by more than 24 foreign countries. It was sold in 2011 to more than 3,600 units worldwide, for about 40 years.
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The name Exocet, which is the name of a type of flying fish, was given to this rocket because, like this fish, the rocket flies at water level. In the jargon of specialists it is said that the rocket is a sea shruman, literally: it skims the sea.
The first attempt to achieve a French anti-ship missile was the Malaface in the fifties, whose lessons were later used.
The French industry multiplied cooperation in the field of anti-ship missiles, in 1959 with Sweden for the Rb08a/M20
Following the success of the AS 33, the Exocet was developed by Aérospatiale in the late 1960s, having been created by the Alsatian engineer Émile Stauff, director of the company's Missile Division.
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The missile became famous in the Falklands War, against Great Britain and Argentina in 1982. The South American state ordered fourteen Dassault Super-Étendard in 1979 equipped with AM39 missiles and Agave radar.
, five of these aircraft are equipped with an equal number of anti-ship missiles and equip the 2 Escuadrilla de Caza y Ataque of the Argentine Naval Aviation. Several attacks are launched against the Royal Navy, engaged in the reconquest of the Falkland Islands.
Finally, an Exocet MM38 damaged the destroyer HMS Glamorgan, after being fired from the improvised launchers that had been dismantled from the destroyer ARA Segui and installed ashore. The designation of the target was made by infantry radar. The temporary coastal battery was dismantled every morning so as not to attract the attention of English aircraft.
During the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988), in October 1983, five Dassault Super-Étendard were lent to Iraq.
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The nuclear plant of Bouchehr, without result. They led with more success, in 1984 and 1985, many appeals against the Iranian oil terminals.
Iraqi Mirage F1 EQ equipped with Cyrano VI radars carry out raids, with Exocet missiles on Iranian oil terminals, mainly with the aim of crippling oil traffic.
. The May 17, 1987 attack on the USS Stark (FFG-31) was attributed to Mirage F1 EQs, but appears to have been the work of a modified Dassault Falcon 50.
. Two Exocet missiles hit the ship at thirty-second intervals, killing 37 crew members.
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After the Iraqi invasion, the remaining ships of the Kuwaiti Navy participated in the destruction of the Iraqi fleet in the Gulf War, carried out by the coalition between 18 January and 20 February 1991.
Was dispatched by a coalition command to defeat an Iraqi minelayer hidden along the coast
. Despite an unfavorable coastal context where ships can easily hide, the Exocet MM 40 demonstrated its search, identification and discrimination capabilities. The missile easily caught the Iraqi boat, to the surprise of the crews of the many American ships that had come to watch the maneuver.
. A makeshift coastal battery was "joined" by Argentine forces during the Falkland Islands War in 1982, causing massive damage to HMS Glamorgan.
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. In February 2004, after abandoning the ANS (Anti Navire Supersonique) and ANF (Anti Navire Futur) projects, the Directorate General for Armaments (DGA) notified the MBDA company of a contract for the development and purchase of a new Exocet missile, the MM40 . Block 3. The latter is characterized by a greatly increased range (more than 180
), obtained through the use of a turbojet (which allows the gain of range), the entry of GPS and also through the ability to form complex trajectories, which allows the use of this missile also against land targets on the coast. The speed reaches Mach 0.9. MBDA kept the size of the rocket (with a lightness of 15
) allowing it to be used on existing platforms. The final qualifying flight took place from Levant Island
And its production started in October 2008. The French Navy placed an order in December 2008 for 45 Block3 missiles, to be delivered between 2011 and 2012, from the transformation of MM40 Block2 for certain egates equipped with the MM40 Block 2, then the egates of Horizon class and Aquitaine class. First shot is fired
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At the end of 2011, an order for 35 new MM40 Block3c missiles was announced, bringing the number of MM40 Block3/3c missiles for the French Navy to 80.
. A further order of 20 MM40 Block3c is planned in 2021 to bring the total number of MM40 Block3/3c to 100.
In 2012, a new engine developed and produced in Brazil by Avibras, in collaboration with MBDA, was tested on a Brazilian navy MM40.
, depending on the height and the speed of the launcher. The digital evolution of the Exocet Air-mer 39 (AM39) to the Mod 2 enabled its implementation by the Rafale F3. A qualifying shot in a realistic environment was successfully completed, the
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. An order for 40 AM39 B2 mod2 kits was announced in 2009 to equip the French Navy's Rafale.
Digitized and embedded in submarines. This version is a medium-range missile. Studies of the original SM39 were launched in 1978 and put into use in 1985. The missile was contained in a waterproof capsule the outer dimension of a torpedo that was moved and expelled by a torpedo tube. Coming out of the water, the cap of the capsule is extended and the missile is lit; it then behaves like AM39. Because it can fire deep, the area of use of the Exocet is therefore particularly suitable for camouflaged submarines. Range: 50
In 2020, a GPS-equipped version of the MM40 Block3 is being investigated to provide the ability to use the SM39 against coastal targets.
Armada de Chile - MM38 (on Type 148 missile patrol boats), AM39 (carried out by AS532SC Cougar helicopters), SM39 (on Scorpène-class submarines). She previously used the MM40;
Anti Ship Missiles
Armada del Ecuador - MM38 (on Quito-class missile patrol boats), MM40 Block 1 (on Esmeralda-class Corvettes), MM40 Block 2 (on Moran Valverde-egate);
In 2020, the French Navy has 45 MM40 Block3 for its egates, 40 AM39 Block2 mod2 for its Rafale M and Bréguet Atlantique 2, 40 SM39 block2 mod2 for its SNA
, MM40 Block 2 (on Sigma-class corvettes), AM39 (received 10 between 1985 and 1986, current status uncertain)
Pakistan Navy – SM39 (on Agosta-class submarines), AM39 (on Breguet Atlantic maritime patrol aircraft);
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Marina de Guerra del Perú - MM38 on PR-72P class corvettes, AM39 Block 1 on Sikorsky S-61 helicopters, MM40 Block 3 on Lupo class egates;
Marine Component - Equal to its Wielingen class. These warships were sold in 2008.
Royal Navy - Used the Exocet missile from the late 1970s until
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